New Insights into Capsicum Spp Relatedness and the Diversification Process of Capsicum annuum in Spain
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Date
2014
Authors
González Pérez, SusanaGarcés Claver, Ana
Mallor Giménez, Cristina
Sáenz de Miera, Luis E.
Fayos Avellán, Oreto
Pomar, Federico
Silvar, Cristina
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Abstract
The successful exploitation of germplasm banks, harbouring plant genetic
resources indispensable for plant breeding, will depend on our ability to
characterize their genetic diversity. The Vegetable Germplasm Bank of Zaragoza
(BGHZ) (Spain) holds an important Capsicum annuum collection, where most of the
Spanish pepper variability is represented, as well as several accessions of other
domesticated and non-domesticated Capsicum spp from all over the five
continents. In the present work, a total of 51 C. annuum landraces (mainly from
Spain) and 51 accessions from nine Capsicum species maintained at the BGHZ
were evaluated using 39 microsatellite (SSR) markers spanning the whole genome.
The 39 polymorphic markers allowed the detection of 381 alleles, with an average
of 9.8 alleles per locus. A sizeable proportion of alleles (41.2%) were recorded as
specific alleles and the majority of these were present at very low frequencies (rare
alleles). Multivariate and model-based analyses partitioned the collection in seven
clusters comprising the ten different Capsicum spp analysed: C. annuum, C.
chinense, C. frutescens, C. pubescens, C. bacatum, C. chacoense and C. eximium.
The data clearly showed the close relationships between C. chinense and C.
frutescens. C. cardenasii and C. eximium were indistinguishable as a single,
morphologically variable species. Moreover, C. chacoense was placed between C.
baccatum and C. pubescens complexes. The C. annuum group was structured into
three main clusters, mostly according to the pepper fruit shape, size and potential
pungency. Results suggest that the diversification of C. annuum in Spain may occur
from a rather limited gene pool, still represented by few landraces with ancestral
traits.This ancient population would suffer from local selection at the distinct geographical regions of Spain, giving way to pungent and elongated fruited
peppers in the South and Center, while sweet blocky and triangular types in
Northern Spain.
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Bibliographic citation
Plos One, 9 (12), p. 1-23
AGROVOC subjects
Colecciones de material genéticoReservas genéticas
Banco de genes
Horticultura
Capsicum annuum
Other field subjects
hortofruticulturaSponsorship
This work was supported by the Spanish
Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and
Technology (INIA) and co-financed by the
European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)
(Project RTA2011–00118). The funders had no role
in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.