Phytotherapeutic potential of Lamiaceae Essential Oils and Their Monoterpenes against Giardia duodenalis.

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dc.contributor.authorMarcos Herraiz, Sara
dc.contributor.authorAlonso Fernández, Sara
dc.contributor.authorIrisarri Gutiérrez, Maria Jose
dc.contributor.authorArroyo Díaz, Jaime
dc.contributor.authorPonce Gordo, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorGonzález Coloma, Azucena
dc.contributor.authorNavarro Rocha, Juliana
dc.contributor.authorAzami Conesa, Iris
dc.contributor.authorGómez Muñoz, María Teresa
dc.contributor.authorBailén, María
dc.contributor.orcidNavarro Rocha, Juliana [0000-0001-7975-9340]
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-06T11:42:17Z
dc.date.available2026-02-06T11:42:17Z
dc.date.updated2026-02-06T07:04:47Z
dc.description.abstractLamiaceae and Asteraceae plant species have been widely used in Mediterranean ethnomedicine for gastrointestinal disorders. They are also known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-parasite, and anti-virus properties. Giardia duodenalis is the most prevalent intestinal protozoon in children and young dogs worldwide. Its zoonotic potential and frequent therapeutic failures with nitroimidazoles underscore the urgent need for alternative treatments. This study investigated the antigiardial activity of essential oils (EOs) from 22 medicinal plants belonging to Lamiaceae and Asteraceae, together with their major constituents. EO composition was determined by a metabolomic approach (GC-MS). Parasite metabolic activity was assessed using the MTT assay, and ultrastructural changes were examined by Transmission Electron Microscopy. The strongest antigiardial effects were observed with Lavandula luisieri, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha suaveolens, Satureja montana (IC50 <25), L. lanata, and T. zygis, (IC50= 27.9–71.5 µg/ml). The highest selective indexes were obtained with γ-terpinene, caryophyllene oxide, carvacrol and thymol (SI≥1.3–2.4). Synergistic interactions were detected with linalyl acetate and linalool (present in Lavandula EOs), linalyl acetate with ρ-cymene or thymol, or combinations of ρ-cymene, γ-terpinene, thymol, and carvacrol (present in Satureja EOs). Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed membranolysis, enlarged periplasmic vacuoles, and cytoplasmic loss in trophozoites exposed to γ-terpinene after 1 h. These findings provide phytotherapeutic evidence supporting essential oils from Lavandula, Mentha, Thymus, and Satureja as promising antigiardial agents. Their main components γ-terpinene, caryophyllene oxide, carvacrol and thymol could have potential applications in veterinary parasitology.
dc.description.peerreviewedSi
dc.description.sponsorshipEste trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España (subvención n.º PID2020–114207RB-I00, subvención n.º PID2019–106222RB-C31/SRA, 10.13039/501100011033).
dc.identifier.citationMarcos-Herraiz, S., Alonso Fernández, S., Irisarri, M. J., Arroyo Díaz, J., Ponce-Gordo, F., González-Coloma, A., Navarro Rocha, J., Azami-Conesa, I., Gómez-Muñoz, M. T., & Bailén, M. (2026). Phytotherapeutic potential of Lamiaceae essential oils and their monoterpenes against Giardia duodenalis. Veterinary Parasitology, 343, 110702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110702
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110702
dc.identifier.issn0304-4017
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110702
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10532/8133
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier B.V.
dc.relation.citaSi
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110702
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.agrovocLamiaceae
dc.subject.agrovocAsteraceae
dc.subject.agrovocEsencia (aceite esencial)
dc.subject.agrovocProductos antiparasitarios
dc.subject.agrovocGiardia duodenalis
dc.subject.agrovocFitoterapia
dc.subject.agrovocPlanta medicinal
dc.subject.sdgHambre cero
dc.titlePhytotherapeutic potential of Lamiaceae Essential Oils and Their Monoterpenes against Giardia duodenalis.
dc.typetexto
dc.typerevista
dc.typeartículo
dc.typeartículo original
dc.type.hasVersionversión publicada

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