Reducing Ammonia Emissions from Digested Animal Manure: Effectiveness of Acidification, Open Disc Injection, and Fertigation in Mediterranean Cereal Systems

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dc.contributor.authorQuílez y Sáez de Viteri, Dolores
dc.contributor.authorBalcells Oliván, María
dc.contributor.authorHerrero Mallen, Eva
dc.contributor.funderMinisterio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación
dc.contributor.orcidQuílez y Sáez de Viteri, Dolores [0000-0002-2638-9443]
dc.contributor.orcidBalcells Oliván, María [0009-0001-2116-7438]
dc.contributor.orcidHerrero Mallén, Eva [0000-0003-4860-2310]
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-29T08:06:14Z
dc.date.available2025-10-29T08:06:14Z
dc.date.issued2025-10-20
dc.date.updated2025-10-28T13:12:23Z
dc.description.abstractAmmonia poses a risk to human health and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In Spain in 2022, the agricultural sector was responsible for 97% of ammonia emissions to the atmosphere, with the application of animal manure as fertilizer accounting for 24.4% of these emissions. The search for effective mitigation strategies in the application of animal manures is imperative to support the implementation of policies that contribute to the sustainability of the agricultural sector. The aim of this study is to evaluate three digestate application techniques, namely, acidification, open disc injection, and fertigation, in a wheat–maize rotation and compare them to traditional trail hose application. In spring wheat topdressing, acidification is the most efficient method for reducing ammonia emissions, followed by disc injection and, finally, fertigation. In the summer base dressing to maize, acidification is the best method, with more than 70% reduction compared with trail hoses. In terms of both base dressing and side-dressing fertilization, the most efficient method is fertigation, with a 70% reduction, followed by acidification and disc injection (>25%). Although the three methods reduce ammonia emissions, they have certain drawbacks: fertigation requires previous solid/liquid separation, acidification requires ad hoc equipment, and disc injection requires high mechanical traction.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (Dirección General de Desarrollo Rural, Innovación y Formación Agroalimentaria-DGRIFA) and the European Agricultural Funds for Rural Development—FEADER, grant O00000226e2000044284_GO23.
dc.identifier.citationQuilez, D., Balcells, M., & Herrero, E. (2025). Reducing Ammonia Emissions from Digested Animal Manure: Effectiveness of Acidification, Open Disc Injection, and Fertigation in Mediterranean Cereal Systems. AgriEngineering, 7(10), 352. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7100352
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/agriengineering7100352
dc.identifier.issn2624-7402
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10532/7902
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación/Programa Nacional de Desarrollo Rural 2014-2020// Implementación de MTD para el control de emisiones en la gestión y tratamiento de purines/GO IMECO
dc.relation.citaSi
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spainen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/
dc.subject.agrovocRotación de cultivos
dc.subject.agrovocEstiércol líquido
dc.subject.agrovocAplicación de abono
dc.subject.agrovocEmisión de gases de efecto invernadero
dc.subject.agrovocCompuesto de amonio
dc.subject.sdgHambre cero
dc.subject.sdgProducción y consumo responsables
dc.subject.sdgAcción por el clima
dc.subject.sdgVida de ecosistemas terrestres
dc.titleReducing Ammonia Emissions from Digested Animal Manure: Effectiveness of Acidification, Open Disc Injection, and Fertigation in Mediterranean Cereal Systems
dc.typeartículo original
dc.type.hasVersionversión publicada

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