Influencia de la suplementación previa al destete sobre los rendimientos técnico‑económicos durante la lactación y la transición al cebo intensivo en vacuno de carne
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Date
2017
Authors
Casasús Pueyo, IsabelYuste, S.
Vega, A. de
Ferrer Achiaga, Javier
Fondevila, M.
Blanco Alibés, Mireia
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Abstract
La provisión de alimentos sólidos a los terneros en la fase de lactación es una estrategia
utilizada para mejorar su crecimiento y bienestar, así como para favorecer una adecuada
transición a las dietas que recibirán tras el destete. El tipo de suplemento más adecuado
(forraje o pienso) dependerá de los rendimientos esperados, tanto en relación al crecimiento
de los animales como al desarrollo de la capacidad fermentativa de los pre-estómagos
(Berends et al., 2014), y también del precio relativo de los distintos alimentos (Mollenhorst et
al., 2016). Aunque estos aspectos han sido ampliamente estudiados en vacuno de leche
(Khan et al., 2011), los trabajos en vacuno de carne son más escasos (Blanco et al., 2008).
Por ello, el objetivo de este ensayo fue determinar el efecto de la suplementación durante la
lactación sobre los rendimientos técnicos y económicos de terneras de razas cárnicas
durante la lactación y la adaptación al cebo intensivo
This study aimed to assess the optimal feeding strategies in the pre-weaning period for an adequate adaptation of beef calves to the high-concentrate diets used during fattening. Thirty calves were used, combining two beef breeds (Parda de Montaña, PM and Pirenaica, PIR) and three diets (milk only, MO; milk + hay, MH; milk + concentrate, MC; supplements offered ad libitum) from 2 mo until weaning at 5 mo (Lactation). Then calves received ad libitum concentrates + straw for 1 mo (Transition). During lactation, milk intake did not differ among diets. Solid DM intake was similar with both supplements, but gains and weights were MC>MH>MO. During transition, concentrate intake was lower in !he lighter MO calves, but feed:gain was the highest in MH calves. Economic margin during lactation was higher for the supplemented animals, but at the end of transition they ranked MC>MO>MH. Concerning breed, gains during Jactation were higher in PM calves due to their higher milk intake, which provided a better economic margin in this phase. In the transition, concentrate intake was higher in PM, but economic margin was similar. Providing supplements prior to weaning improves performance during lactation, but considering also performance during the transition phase, concentrates are a more interesting option under the curren! market prices.
This study aimed to assess the optimal feeding strategies in the pre-weaning period for an adequate adaptation of beef calves to the high-concentrate diets used during fattening. Thirty calves were used, combining two beef breeds (Parda de Montaña, PM and Pirenaica, PIR) and three diets (milk only, MO; milk + hay, MH; milk + concentrate, MC; supplements offered ad libitum) from 2 mo until weaning at 5 mo (Lactation). Then calves received ad libitum concentrates + straw for 1 mo (Transition). During lactation, milk intake did not differ among diets. Solid DM intake was similar with both supplements, but gains and weights were MC>MH>MO. During transition, concentrate intake was lower in !he lighter MO calves, but feed:gain was the highest in MH calves. Economic margin during lactation was higher for the supplemented animals, but at the end of transition they ranked MC>MO>MH. Concerning breed, gains during Jactation were higher in PM calves due to their higher milk intake, which provided a better economic margin in this phase. In the transition, concentrate intake was higher in PM, but economic margin was similar. Providing supplements prior to weaning improves performance during lactation, but considering also performance during the transition phase, concentrates are a more interesting option under the curren! market prices.
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Bibliographic citation
XVII Jornadas sobre Producción Animal: Zaragoza, 30 y 31 de mayo de 2017, p. 303-305
AGROVOC subjects
Ganado bovinoAlimentación de los animales
Suplementos alimentarios
Lactación
Other field subjects
producción y sanidad animalSponsorship
Financiación procedente de Gobierno de
Aragón, INIA-FEDER (RZP2012-02), MINECO (AGL2013-46820P), INIA-FSE (Contrato de
M. Blanco) y MECO (beca FPU de S. Yuste, Ref.15/01960).