Antiprotozoal Potential of Cultivated Geranium macrorrhizum Against Giardia duodenalis, Trichomonas gallinae and Leishmania infantum

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dc.contributor.authorMarcos Herraiz, Sara
dc.contributor.authorIrisarri Gutiérrez, Maria Jose
dc.contributor.authorCarrión, Javier
dc.contributor.authorAzami Conesa, Iris
dc.contributor.authorSuárez Lombao, Rodrigo
dc.contributor.authorNavarro Rocha, Juliana
dc.contributor.authorQuílez, Jose Francisco
dc.contributor.authorFernández Barrero, Alejandro
dc.contributor.authorOchoa, Eneko
dc.contributor.authorGonzález Coloma, Azucena
dc.contributor.authorGómez Muñoz, María Teresa
dc.contributor.authorBailén, María
dc.contributor.orcidNavarro Rocha, Juliana [0000-0001-7975-9340]
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-28T12:21:16Z
dc.date.available2026-01-28T12:21:16Z
dc.date.issued2026-01-22
dc.date.updated2026-01-26T07:33:11Z
dc.description.abstractPlant-derived natural products are an invaluable source of structurally diverse secondary metabolites with ecological and pharmacological significance. Geranium macrorrhizum, a species known for producing essential oils rich in monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenes, has been scarcely explored for its antiparasitic potential. This study represents the first comprehensive evaluation of the antiprotozoal activity of G. macrorrhizum obtained from cultivated plants. Plant material was produced under controlled greenhouse cultivation systems, ensuring high-quality and reproducible metabolite profiles. Essential oils were obtained through hydrodistillation and chemically characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). In vitro assays were conducted against Giardia duodenalis, Trichomonas gallinae, and Leishmania infantum to assess antiparasitic efficacy and cytotoxicity. The results demonstrated strong activity of essential oils against Trichomonas gallinae, and Leishmania infantum, indicating the relevance of lipophilic compounds—especially germacrone—as key bioactive constituents. Germacrone exhibited strong and selective antiparasitic activity, outperforming its structural analogues. Microscopic analyses revealed distinct parasite-specific morphological alterations, differing from those induced by conventional drugs such as metronidazole and amphotericin B. These findings highlight G. macrorrhizum obtained through biotechnological cultivation as a novel and sustainable source of natural antiprotozoal agents. The study underscores the importance of integrating controlled cultivation with phytochemical and biological evaluation to advance the discovery of innovative bioactive compounds.
dc.description.peerreviewedSi
dc.description.sponsorshipEste trabajo ha sido financiado parcialmente por las subvenciones PID2020-114207RB-I00 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España), PID2019-106222RB-C32/SRA (Agencia Estatal de Investigación), PID2023-148406OB-I00 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Universidades de España) y PID2024-156361OB-C22 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Universidades de España)..
dc.identifier.citationMarcos-Herraiz, S., Irisarri-Gutiérrez, M. J., Carrión, J., Conesa, I. A., Lombao, R. S., Navarro-Rocha, J., Moral, J. F. Q. del, Barrero, A. F., Larrigan, E. O., González-Coloma, A., Gómez-Muñoz, M. T., & Bailén, M. (2026). Antiprotozoal Potential of Cultivated Geranium macrorrhizum Against Giardia duodenalis, Trichomonas gallinae and Leishmania infantum. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27021125
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijms27021125
dc.identifier.issn1422-0067
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27021125
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10532/8119
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.citaSi
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27021125
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 Spain
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/es/
dc.subject.agrovocTritrichomonas
dc.subject.agrovocGiardia
dc.subject.agrovocLeishmania
dc.subject.agrovocEsencia (aceite esencial)
dc.subject.sdgProducción y consumo responsables
dc.titleAntiprotozoal Potential of Cultivated Geranium macrorrhizum Against Giardia duodenalis, Trichomonas gallinae and Leishmania infantum
dc.typetexto
dc.typerevista
dc.typeartículo
dc.typeartículo original
dc.type.hasVersionversión publicada

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