Competitividad de la cadena arrocera del estado Portuguesa, Venezuela, en los procesos de integración en Sudamérica
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Date
2012
Authors
Vivas Sánchez, Víctor VicenteAlbisu Aguado, Luis Miguel
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Abstract
La cadena arrocera del Estado Portuguesa es de suma importancia para Venezuela por
producirse más de la mitad del arroz del país en ese estado. La integración de actividades desde
la producción al consumo tiene singularidades que, en países productores de arroz, se
manifiestan con mayor intensidad en las fases de producción y de transformación de la materia
prima. Además, la inestabilidad política y económica induce a tomar medidas
macroeconómicas que afectan al sistema monetario y a la balanza comercial global, con claros
efectos sobre un producto como el arroz.
Se han elegido algunos países pertenecientes a la CAN (Colombia) y al MERCOSUR
(Argentina, Brasil y Uruguay) tanto por su condición de exportadores como de importadores de
arroz y, por lo tanto, potenciales competidores en los mercados internacionales o en el propio
mercado nacional venezolano. En este trabajo se ha realizado un análisis de la competitividad de la cadena arrocera del Estado
Portuguesa en comparación a los mencionados países, en base a las variables representativas
de la producción de arroz: rendimiento por hectárea y su evolución, precio pagado al
agricultor, coste de producción y beneficio; transformación: rendimiento en granos enteros;
consumo: consumo per cápita; comercio internacional de arroz: importación y exportación;
política monetaria: inflación anual y acumulada, tasa de cambio; y, finalmente, políticas
aplicadas al sector. Todo ello con el fin evaluar su competitividad y poder sugerir las
correcciones necesarias para mejorarla
The rice chain in the Portuguesa state is of great significance for Venezuela because half of the country's production comes from that state. Activities' integration that goes from production to consumption have some specificities which, in rice producing countries, the most important are those linked to the production and transformation of raw materials. On top, political and economic instability induce to take unwise macroeconomic decisions that affect the monetary system and balance of the country causing clear negative impacts on the rice chain. Several countries from the CAN (Colombia) and MERCOSUR (Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay) have been selected either as exporters or importers and consequently as potential competitors on the international markets or even in the national market. In this work, it has been undertaken a competitiveness analysis of the rice chain, in the Portuguese state comparing the previously mentioned countries based on representative variables of rice production: yield per hectare and its evolution, price paid to farmers, production cost and profit; transformation: yield for whole grains; consumption: consumption per capita; trade balance for rice: import and export; monetary policy: annual and cumulative inflation, and exchange rate; and, finally, policies applied in the sector. The objective is to evaluate the competitiveness of the rice chain and to suggest corrective measures for the future.
The rice chain in the Portuguesa state is of great significance for Venezuela because half of the country's production comes from that state. Activities' integration that goes from production to consumption have some specificities which, in rice producing countries, the most important are those linked to the production and transformation of raw materials. On top, political and economic instability induce to take unwise macroeconomic decisions that affect the monetary system and balance of the country causing clear negative impacts on the rice chain. Several countries from the CAN (Colombia) and MERCOSUR (Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay) have been selected either as exporters or importers and consequently as potential competitors on the international markets or even in the national market. In this work, it has been undertaken a competitiveness analysis of the rice chain, in the Portuguese state comparing the previously mentioned countries based on representative variables of rice production: yield per hectare and its evolution, price paid to farmers, production cost and profit; transformation: yield for whole grains; consumption: consumption per capita; trade balance for rice: import and export; monetary policy: annual and cumulative inflation, and exchange rate; and, finally, policies applied in the sector. The objective is to evaluate the competitiveness of the rice chain and to suggest corrective measures for the future.
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Keywords
Competitividad, Rice chain, Competitiveness, Integración internacional, International integration, Estado Portuguesa, Portuguesa state, Cadena arrocera, Venezuela
Bibliographic citation
Revista Unellez de Ciencia y Tecnología, vol. 29, (2011)
Other field subjects
Sector agroindustrialArroz
Competencia económica
América del Sur
Situación económica
Economía agroalimentaria